Part 3 - Red Cash Cast After the Qing Reconquest of Xinjiang
|
|
Type 33 - General Zuo Zong Tang, imitating Boo Je (Zhejiang)
Chinese
Legend
(obv)
|
Chinese
Legend,
(rev)
|
Manchu
Legend
|
Turki
Legend
|
Du
Rarity
|
Zhu
Rarity
|
D&J
Rarity
|
Approx.
Dates
|
Du #
|
Zhu #
|
D&J #
|
Qian Long
Tong Bao
|
|
Boo Je
|
|
5
|
None
given
|
*
|
1878
|
D9
(1-5)
|
134-
135
|
304
|
|
Type 34 - General Zuo Zong Tang, imitating Boo Yuwan
Chinese
Legend
(obv)
|
Chinese
Legend,
(rev)
|
Manchu
Legend
|
Turki
Legend
|
Du
Rarity
|
Zhu
Rarity
|
D&J
Rarity
|
Approx
Dates
|
Du #
|
Zhu #
|
D&J #
|
Qian Long
Tong Bao
|
|
Boo Yuwan
|
|
8
|
7-
|
*
|
1878
|
D7 (1-14)
|
110-113,
133
|
302- 303
|
|
This type exists with and without the half circle above the hole on the reverse. It was minted at Kucha. See
type 33 for historical background.
|
|
D7- 8 (rarity 7). 5.5 grams.
|
|
D7- 3 (rarity 3). 3.2 grams.
|
|
Type 35 - General Zuo Zong Tang, "Qianlong" Kucha imitating Boo Ciuwan
Chinese
Legend
(obv)
|
Chinese
Legend,
(rev)
|
Manchu
Legend
|
Turki
Legend
|
Du
Rarity
|
Zhu
Rarity
|
D&J
Rarity
|
Approx.
Dates
|
Du #
|
Zhu #
|
D&J #
|
Qian Long
Tong Bao
|
|
Boo
Ciuwan
|
|
7
|
Not
Listed
|
*
|
1878
|
D8 (1-2)
|
Not
Listed
|
300?
|
|
The Kucha-made Boo Ciuwan imitations are rarer than the Aqsu-made pieces (type 37). Du has
associated the two types to their mints by comparison of the obverses with known products of Kucha and
Aqsu. The Kucha coins have larger characters on the obverse than the Aqsu coins. See type 33 for
historical background.
|
|
D8-1 (rarity 7). 3.9 grams.
|
|
Type 36 - General Zuo Zong Tang, "Qianlong" Aqsu imitating Boo Ciuwan
Chinese
Legend
(obv)
|
Chinese
Legend,
(rev)
|
Manchu
Legend
|
Turki
Legend
|
Du
Rarity
|
Zhu
Rarity
|
D&J
Rarity
|
Approx.
Dates
|
Du #
|
Zhu #
|
D&J #
|
Qian Long
Tong Bao
|
|
Boo
Ciuwan
|
|
9
|
8+
|
*
|
1878
|
D8 (3-11)
|
130-
131
|
301
|
|
The Aqsu-made Boo Ciuwan imitations are distinguished from their Kucha counterparts (type 35) by
small characters on the obverse. They account for the vast majority of the "Qianlong" Baoquan
imitations. See type 33 for historical background.imitations. See type 33 for historical
background.imitations. See type 33 for historical background.
|
|
D8-3 (rarity 8). 4.4 grams.
|
|
Type 37 - General Zuo Zong Tang, Guangxu, imitating Boo Ciuwan
Chinese
Legend
(obv)
|
Chinese
Legend,
(rev)
|
Manchu
Legend
|
Turki
Legend
|
Du
Rarity
|
Zhu
Rarity
|
D&J
Rarity
|
Approx.
Dates
|
Du #
|
Zhu #
|
D&J #
|
Guang Xu
Tong Bao
|
|
Boo
Ciuwan
|
|
10
|
9+
|
|
1878
|
D29 (1-18)
|
598-
607
|
313, 316
|
|
D29-7. 3.6 grams. Remnants of incorrectly
oriented "Boo Ciuwan" above and below hole
on reverse.
|
|
Type 38 - General Zuo Zong Tang, Guanxu, imitating Boo Yun
Chinese
Legend
(obv)
|
Chinese
Legend,
(rev)
|
Manchu
Legend
|
Turki
Legend
|
Du
Rarity
|
Zhu
Rarity
|
D&J
Rarity
|
Approx.
Dates
|
Du #
|
Zhu #
|
D&J #
|
Guang Xu
Tong Bao
|
|
Boo Yun or
Boo Ciuwan
|
|
9
|
9-
|
|
1878
|
D30 (1-22)
|
608-
618
|
315, 317
|
|
Type 39 - Guangxu "Qianlong" "Kang Shun"
Chinese
Legend
(obv)
|
Chinese
Legend,
(rev)
|
Manchu
Legend
|
Turki
Legend
|
Du
Rarity
|
Zhu
Rarity
|
D&J
Rarity
|
Approx.
DatesDates
|
Du #
|
Zhu #
|
D&J #
|
Qian Long
Tong Bao
|
|
|
Kang Shun
|
7
|
7+
|
*
|
1878-?
|
D6 (41-51)
|
114-
117
|
307-308
|
|
The reopened mint at Kucha soon branched out from the types imitating interior Chinese coins to make
its own types. It had been more than ten years since Kucha last produced cash, and, in the words of
Dong and Jiang, Kucha "failed to follow the traditional rules in the making of red cash. The types of the
cash made by the mint, therefore, were in a great confusion." (p78) This type (39) is one of the results of
Kucha's innovative coin casting. The obverse bears the name of Qianlong in Chinese while the reverse
bears the name of Guangxu in Turki (Arabic script). This type was made both with and without a
semicircle above the hole on the reverse. It is a scarcer type but not rare.
|
|
Type 40 - Guangxu, "Qianlong" "Ku Ju"
Chinese
Legend
(obv)
|
Chinese
Legend,
(rev)
|
Manchu
Legend
|
Turki
Legend
|
Du
Rarity
|
Zhu
Rarity
|
D&J
Rarity
|
Approx.
Dates
|
Du #
|
Zhu #
|
D&J #
|
Qian Long
Tong Bao
|
Ku Ju
|
Boo Son/Shon
/Sat/Shat or Kuce
|
|
8
|
7+
|
**
|
1878
|
D6 (1-8)
|
118-
121
|
311-312
|
|
The Chinese characters "Ku Ju" on the reverse of this type translate as "Kucha bureau" or "Kucha
mint." The use of Chinese for the mint name and the addition of the word "ju" is another interesting
deviation from Chinese minting tradition. De Boer reads the manchu as "Boo Son/Shon/Sat/Shat" but
this has usually been interpreted as a this has usually been interpreted as a corruption of "Boo Kuce."
|
|
Type 41 - Guangxu, "Qianlong" Ku Kucha
Chinese
Legend
(obv)
|
Chinese
Legend,
(rev)
|
Manchu
Legend
|
Turki
Legend
|
Du
Rarity
|
Zhu
Rarity
|
D&J
Rarity
|
Approx.
Dates
|
Du #
|
Zhu #
|
D&J #
|
Qian Long
Tong Bao
|
|
Kuce
|
Kucha
|
10
|
8+
|
*
|
1878-1883
|
D6 (9-15)
|
106-
109
|
309-310
|
|
D6-10 (rarity 10). 4.0 grams.
|
|
Type 42 - Guangxu Kuce Kucha
Chinese
Legend
(obv)
|
Chinese
Legend,
(rev)
|
Manchu
Legend
|
Turki
Legend
|
Du
Rarity
|
Zhu
Rarity
|
D&J
Rarity
|
Approx.
Dates
|
Du #
|
Zhu #
|
D&J #
|
Guang Xu
Tong Bao
|
|
Kuce
|
Kucha
|
3
|
2+
|
**
|
1878-1883
|
D27 (1-9)
|
538-
539
|
318
|
|
This type is only differentiated from the above by the emperor name Guangxu. While the Qianlong type
is frequently encountered, the Guangxu version is quite rare - more so than D&J's two star rating
suggests. Coins in conditions above Fine are especially rare.
|
|
Type 42.5 - Guangxu "Qianlong" Aqsu
Chinese
Legend
(obv)
|
Chinese
Legend,
(rev)
|
Manchu
Legend
|
Turki
Legend
|
Du
Rarity
|
Zhu
Rarity
|
D&J
Rarity
|
Approx.
Dates
|
Du #
|
Zhu #
|
D&J #
|
Qian Long
Tong Bao
|
|
Aksu
|
Aqsu
|
9
|
9-
|
|
1878-1883,
1886-1892
|
D2 (30-144)
|
24-41
|
191-193
|
|
D2- (123-144). 4.5 grams. Circle above hole
on reverse.
|
|
D2- (106-121). 3.8 grams. 180 degree rotated
reverse.
|
|
D2-134. (rarity 5) 5.1 grams. This variety is
defined by a circle with a dot in the center,
called "pregnant with star" in Chinese.
|
|
Type 43 - Guangxu: Qianlong "9"
Chinese
Legend
(obv)
|
Chinese
Legend,
(rev)
|
Manchu
Legend
|
Turki
Legend
|
Du
Rarity
|
Zhu
Rarity
|
D&J
Rarity
|
Approx.
Dates
|
Du #
|
Zhu #
|
D&J #
|
Qian Long
Tong Bao
|
Jiu [9]
|
Aksu
|
Aqsu
|
5
|
4-
|
**
|
1883
|
D2 (222-229)
|
42-47
|
350
|
|
D2-223 (rarity 4). 4.0 grams.
|
|
Type 44 - Guangxu: "Year 9" Kucha
Chinese
Legend
(obv)
|
Chinese
Legend,
(rev)
|
Manchu
Legend
|
Turki
Legend
|
Du
Rarity
|
Zhu
Rarity
|
D&J
Rarity
|
Approx.
Dates
|
Du #
|
Zhu #
|
D&J #
|
Guang Xu
Tong Bao
|
Jiu Nian
Shi
|
Kuce
|
Kucha
|
7
|
5+
|
**
|
1883
|
D27 (10-16)
|
543-
545
|
351
|
|
This is another commemorative for the founding of Xinjiang province, with the mint name in Manchu and
Turki. The Chinese on the reverse means "year nine - ten." The "ten" refers to the coin's value.
|
|
D27-15 (rarity 3) variant. Semicircle right of
the ten on the rev., but smaller than on the
coin illustrated in Du. 4.0 grams.
|
|
Type 45 - Guangxu: "Year 9" Boo Kuce
Chinese
Legend
(obv)
|
Chinese
Legend,
(rev)
|
Manchu
Legend
|
Turki
Legend
|
Du
Rarity
|
Zhu
Rarity
|
D&J
Rarity
|
Approx.
Dates
|
Du #
|
Zhu #
|
D&J #
|
Guang Xu
Tong Bao
|
Jiu Nian
Shi
|
Boo Kuce
|
|
5
|
4-
|
***
|
1883
|
D27 (17-20)
|
540-
542
|
352
|
|
D27. 3.1 grams. A hole has been filled,
visible below the Manchu "Ku."
|
|
Type 46- Guangxu: "Qianlong" Aqsu Worth Ten
Chinese
Legend
(obv)
|
Chinese
Legend,
(rev)
|
Manchu
Legend
|
Turki
Legend
|
Du
Rarity
|
Zhu
Rarity
|
D&J
Rarity
|
Approx.
Dates
|
Du #
|
Zhu #
|
D&J #
|
Qian Long
Tong Bao
|
Dang Shi
|
Aksu
|
Aqsu
|
9
|
7-
|
*
|
1883
|
D2 (202-221)
|
48-52
|
334
|
|
D2 - 207 (rarity 6). 3.9 grams.
|
|
Type 47- Guangxu: "Qianlong" Kucha Worth Ten
Chinese
Legend
(obv)
|
Chinese
Legend,
(rev)
|
Manchu
Legend
|
Turki
Legend
|
Du
Rarity
|
Zhu
Rarity
|
D&J
Rarity
|
Approx.
Dates
|
Du #
|
Zhu #
|
D&J #
|
Qian Long
Tong Bao
|
Dang Shi
|
Kuce
|
Kucha
|
9
|
8-
|
*
|
1883-1885
|
D6 (32-40)
|
122-
125
|
319
|
|
This and the above type are the only two "worth 10" types cast under Guangxu.
|
|
D6-39 (Ex. Rare). 3.4 grams. This variety has
two incorrectly written characters: The left
element of the "Qian" character is written like
the character "che" (car) and the top of the
"Tong" character is written as a "kou."
|
|
D6 unlisted variety with doubling on the
reverse, especially on the Turki "Kucha." 4.1
grams.
|
|
Type 48 - Guangxu: "Qianlong" Ku Ten
Chinese
Legend
(obv)
|
Chinese
Legend,
(rev)
|
Manchu
Legend
|
Turki
Legend
|
Du
Rarity
|
Zhu
Rarity
|
D&J
Rarity
|
Approx.
Dates
|
Du #
|
Zhu #
|
D&J #
|
Qian Long
Tong Bao
|
Ku Shi
|
Boo Kuce
|
|
9
|
8-
|
|
1885-1886,
1892-1909
|
D6 (16-31)
|
126-
129
|
320-322
|
|
D6. 3.7 grams. Small character variety.
|
|
D6. 5.2 grams. Large character variety.
|
|
Type 49 - Guangxu: "Daoguang" Ku Ten Kucha
Chinese
Legend
(obv)
|
Chinese
Legend,
(rev)
|
Manchu
Legend
|
Turki
Legend
|
Du
Rarity
|
Zhu
Rarity
|
D&J
Rarity
|
Approx.
Dates
|
Du #
|
Zhu #
|
D&J #
|
Dao Guang
Tong Bao
|
Ku Shi
|
Kuce
|
Kucha
|
9
|
8-
|
|
1885-1886,
1892-1909
|
D14 (14-30)
|
203-
205
|
322
|
|
Another interesting new policy under Guangxu was the minting of new posthumous types. Previously
only the name "Qianlong" had been used posthumously, but under Guangxu "Daoguang" and "Tongzhi"
were also used.Guangxu "Daoguang" and "Tongzhi" were also used.Guangxu "Daoguang" and
"Tongzhi" were also used."Tongzhi" were also used.
|
|
Type 50 - Guangxu: "Daoguang" Ku Ten Boo Kuce
Chinese
Legend
(obv)
|
Chinese
Legend,
(rev)
|
Manchu
Legend
|
Turki
Legend
|
Du
Rarity
|
Zhu
Rarity
|
D&J
Rarity
|
Approx.
Dates
|
Du #
|
Zhu #
|
D&J #
|
Dao Guang
Tong Bao
|
Ku Shi
|
Boo Kuce
|
|
Ex.
Rare
|
Not
Listed
|
Not
Listed
|
1885-1886,
1892-1909
|
D14-13
|
Not
Listed
|
Not Listed
|
|
D14-13. 3.2 grams. Discovered in Yarkand.
|
|
Type 51 - Guangxu: "Tongzhi" Ku Ten Kucha
Chinese
Legend
(obv)
|
Chinese
Legend,
(rev)
|
Manchu
Legend
|
Turki
Legend
|
Du
Rarity
|
Zhu
Rarity
|
D&J
Rarity
|
Approx.
Dates
|
Du #
|
Zhu #
|
D&J #
|
Tong Zhi
Tong Bao
|
Ku Shi
|
Kuce
|
Kucha
|
9
|
9+
|
|
1885-1886,
1892-1909
|
D24 (27-62))
|
477-
485
|
323-326
|
|
Type 52 - Guangxu: "Tongzhi" Ku Ten Boo Kuce
Chinese
Legend
(obv)
|
Chinese
Legend,
(rev)
|
Manchu
Legend
|
Turki
Legend
|
Du
Rarity
|
Zhu
Rarity
|
D&J
Rarity
|
Approx.
Dates
|
Du #
|
Zhu #
|
D&J #
|
Tong Zhi
Tong Bao
|
Ku ShiKu
Shi
|
Boo Kuce
|
|
9
|
8+
|
|
1885-1886,
1892-1909
|
D24 (63-66)
|
486-
487
|
327
|
|
D24 (63-66) unlisted. 4.7 grams.
|
|
Type 53 - Guangxu: "Tongzhi" Ku Ten Kucha
Chinese
Legend
(obv)
|
Chinese
Legend,
(rev)
|
Manchu
Legend
|
Turki
Legend
|
Du
Rarity
|
Zhu
Rarity
|
D&J
Rarity
|
Approx.
Dates
|
Du #
|
Zhu
#Zhu
#Zhu #
|
D&J #
|
Guang Xu
Tong Bao
|
Ku Shi
|
Kuce
|
Kucha
|
9
|
9-
|
|
1885-1886,
1892-1909
|
D27 (65-112)
|
556-
562
|
328-330
|
|
Type 54 - Guangxu Ku Ten Boo Kuce
Chinese
Legend
(obv)
|
Chinese
Legend,
(rev)
|
Manchu
Legend
|
Turki
Legend
|
Du
Rarity
|
Zhu
Rarity
|
D&J
Rarity
|
Approx.
Dates
|
Du #
|
Zhu #
|
D&J #
|
Guang Xu
Tong Bao
|
Ku Shi
|
Boo Kuce
|
|
10
|
10-
|
|
1885-1886,
1892-1909
|
D27 (22-64)
|
546-
555
|
320-322
|
|
D27. 4.3 grams. Small character variety.
|
|
D27. 4.7 grams. Large character variety.
|
|
Type 55- Guangxu: "Qianlong" "A" Ten
Chinese
Legend
(obv)
|
Chinese
Legend,
(rev)
|
Manchu
Legend
|
Turki
Legend
|
Du
Rarity
|
Zhu
Rarity
|
D&J
Rarity
|
Approx.
Dates
|
Du #
|
Zhu #
|
D&J #
|
Qian Long
Tong Bao
|
A Shi
|
Aksu
|
Aqsu
|
9
|
9-
|
|
1886-1892
|
D2 (145-201)
|
53-60
|
335-336
|
|
The Aqsu mint reopened in 1886 and was moved back to Kucha in 1892.
|
|
Type 56 - Guangxu: "Daoguang" "A" Ten
Chinese
Legend
(obv)
|
Chinese
Legend,
(rev)
|
Manchu
Legend
|
Turki
Legend
|
Du
Rarity
|
Zhu
Rarity
|
D&J
Rarity
|
Approx.
Dates
|
Du #
|
Zhu #
|
D&J #
|
Dao Guang
Tong Bao
|
A Shi
|
Aksu
|
Aqsu
|
3
|
"not
seen"
|
***
|
1886-1892
|
D12 (88-91)
|
188-
189
|
337
|
|
D12 - 89 (rarity 3). 3.8 grams.
|
|
D12 - 89 (rarity 3). 3.2 grams. Cracked.
|
|
Type 57 - Guangxu "A" Ten
Chinese
Legend
(obv)
|
Chinese
Legend,
(rev)
|
Manchu
Legend
|
Turki
Legend
|
Du
Rarity
|
Zhu
Rarity
|
D&J
Rarity
|
Approx.
Dates
|
Du #
|
Zhu #
|
D&J #
|
Guang Xu
Tong Bao
|
A Shi
|
Aksu
|
Aqsu
|
9
|
9-
|
|
1886-1892
|
D25 (1-55)
|
505-
509
|
338-342
|
|
Type 58 - Guangxu Xin 10
Chinese
Legend
(obv)
|
Chinese
Legend,
(rev)
|
Manchu
Legend
|
Turki
Legend
|
Du
Rarity
|
Zhu
Rarity
|
D&J
Rarity
|
Approx.
Dates
|
Du #
|
Zhu #
|
D&J #
|
Guang Xu
Tong Bao
|
Xin Shi
|
Boo Sin
|
|
10
|
10-
|
|
1886-1908
|
D28 (2-81)
|
546-
576
|
343-345
|
|
The Dihua mint was reestablished in 1886 as "Boo Sin" and minted coins until the end of Guangxu's
reign. This type may be the most common of all Xinjiang red cash.
|
|
D28-25 (rarity 5). 4.6 grams. Rotated rev.
|
|
Type 59 - Guangxu: "Daoguang" Xin 10 Boo Kuce
Chinese
Legend
(obv)
|
Chinese
Legend,
(rev)
|
Manchu
Legend
|
Turki
Legend
|
Du
Rarity
|
Zhu
Rarity
|
D&J
Rarity
|
Approx.
Dates
|
Du #
|
Zhu #
|
D&J #
|
Dao Guang
Tong Bao
|
Xin Shi
|
Boo Kuce
|
|
9
|
8-
|
|
1886,
1892-1908
|
D14 (1-12)
|
207-
208
|
353
|
|
D14-9 (rarity 7). 3.3 grams. Rotated rev.
|
|
Type 60 - Guangxu: "Tongzhi" Xin 10 Boo Kuce
See type 59 for historical note.
|
|
Type 61 - Guangxu: Xin 10 Boo Kuce
Chinese
Legend
(obv)
|
Chinese
Legend,
(rev)
|
Manchu
Legend
|
Turki
Legend
|
Du
Rarity
|
Zhu
Rarity
|
D&J
Rarity
|
Approx.
Dates
|
Du #
|
Zhu #
|
D&J #
|
Guang Xu
Tong Bao
|
Xin Shi
|
Boo Kuce
|
|
10
|
10+
|
|
1886,
1892-1908
|
D27
(113-157)
|
577-
582
|
355
|
|
See type 59 for historical note.
|
|
Type 62 - Guangxu Ka 10 Kashgar
Chinese
Legend
(obv)
|
Chinese
Legend,
(rev)
|
Manchu
Legend
|
Turki
Legend
|
Du
Rarity
|
Zhu
Rarity
|
D&J
Rarity
|
Approx.
Dates
|
Du #
|
Zhu #
|
D&J #
|
Guang Xu
Tong Bao
|
Ka Shi
|
Kuikiyo or
Kashigar
|
Kashgar
|
8
|
8+
|
**
|
1888-?
|
D26 (1-27)
|
515-
519
|
346-348
|
|
D26-7 (rarity 2). This popular variety has a
garbled Turki "Kashgar."
|
|
Type 63 - Guangxu Ka 10 Boo Kashq
Chinese
Legend
(obv)
|
Chinese
Legend,
(rev)
|
Manchu
Legend
|
Turki
Legend
|
Du
Rarity
|
Zhu
Rarity
|
D&J
Rarity
|
Approx.
Dates
|
Du #
|
Zhu #
|
D&J #
|
Guang Xu
Tong Bao
|
Ka Shi
|
Boo
|
Kashq
|
9
|
7-
|
**
|
1888-?
|
D26 (28-41)
|
529-
533
|
349
|
|
D26-31 (rarity 8). 5.7 grams
|
|
Type 64 - Guangxu: Qianlong Ka 10 Aqsu
Chinese
Legend
(obv)
|
Chinese
Legend,
(rev)
|
Manchu
Legend
|
Turki
Legend
|
Du
Rarity
|
Zhu
Rarity
|
D&J
Rarity
|
Approx.
Dates
|
Du #
|
Zhu #
|
D&J #
|
Qian Long
Tong Bao
|
Ka Shi
|
Aksu
|
Aqsu
|
10
|
8+
|
*
|
1886-?
|
D5 (7-19)
|
93-97
|
359
|
|
Type 65 - Guangxu Ka 10 Aqsu
Chinese
Legend
(obv)
|
Chinese
Legend,
(rev)
|
Manchu
Legend
|
Turki
Legend
|
Du
Rarity
|
Zhu
Rarity
|
D&J
Rarity
|
Approx.
Dates
|
Du #
|
Zhu #
|
D&J #
|
Guang Xu
Tong Bao
|
Ka Shi
|
Aksu
|
Aqsu
|
9
|
8+
|
*
|
1886-?
|
D26 (42-55)
|
523-
525
|
360
|
|
See type 64 for chronological information.
|
|
Type 66 - Guangxu: Qianlong Ka 10 Boo Kuce
Chinese
Legend
(obv)
|
Chinese
Legend,
(rev)
|
Manchu
Legend
|
Turki
Legend
|
Du
Rarity
|
Zhu
Rarity
|
D&J
Rarity
|
Approx.
Dates
|
Du #
|
Zhu #
|
D&J #
|
Qian Long
Tong Bao
|
Ka Shi
|
Boo Kuce
|
|
8
|
7-
|
**
|
1885-?
|
D5 (1-6)
|
101-
105
|
357
|
|
Type 67 - Guangxu Ka 10 Boo Kuce
Chinese
Legend
(obv)
|
Chinese
Legend,
(rev)
|
Manchu
Legend
|
Turki
Legend
|
Du
Rarity
|
Zhu
Rarity
|
D&J
Rarity
|
Approx.
Dates
|
Du #
|
Zhu #
|
D&J #
|
Guang Xu
Tong Bao
|
Ka Shi
|
Boo Kuce
|
|
9
|
8-
|
*
|
1885-?
|
D26 (56-82)
|
526-
530
|
358
|
|
Type 68 - Guangxu "Qianlong" "Kashi"
Chinese
Legend
(obv)
|
Chinese
Legend,
(rev)
|
Manchu
Legend
|
Turki
Legend
|
Du
Rarity
|
Zhu
Rarity
|
D&J
Rarity
|
Approx.
Dates
|
Du #
|
Zhu #
|
D&J #
|
Qian Long
Tong Bao
|
Kashi
|
Boo
Ciowan
|
|
4
|
2-
|
***
|
1885-?
|
D5 (20-24)
|
98-
100
|
358
|
|
This rarity is one of the more intersting and mysterious red cash types. The Manchu refers to the "Boo
Ciuwan" (Beijing) mint while the Chinese indicates Kashgar. However, these coins could not have been
coined in trust by Beijing for Kashgar. They look more like the products of the Aqsu mint. Strangely,
the Chinese "Shi" on the reverse is not the usual character for "10." Rather, a "ren" element has been
added next to the "10," turning the character into the "Shi" that is the second character of the to the
Chinese name for Kashgar. Thus the Chinese does not indicate "Ka 10," but instead "Kashi." The
reasons for the creation of this type are unknown, as are the location of the mint and date of production.
The quality of production is usually quite low, and the obverses of these coins are almost always very
weak.
|
|
Type 69 - Guangxu Boo Kuce Ding Wei
Chinese
Legend
(obv)
|
Chinese
Legend,
(rev)
|
Manchu
Legend
|
Turki
Legend
|
Du
Rarity
|
Zhu
Rarity
|
D&J
Rarity
|
Approx.
Dates
|
Du #
|
Zhu #
|
D&J #
|
Guang Xu
Ding Wei
|
Xin Shi
|
Boo Kuce
|
|
8
|
6+
|
*
|
1907
|
D27
(158-165)
|
586-
590
|
409
|
|
In another break from tradition, the Kucha mint cast coins with the year of the emperor's reign replacing
the usual words "Tong Bao" on the obverse beginning in 1907. This type bears the words "Ding Wei,"
which indicate the 33rd year of Guangxu's reign (1907). These coins are very poorly made and are
almost never encountered in decent condition.
|
|
Type 70 - Guangxu Boo Sin Ding Wei
Chinese
Legend
(obv)
|
Chinese
Legend,
(rev)
|
Manchu
Legend
|
Turki
Legend
|
Du
Rarity
|
Zhu
Rarity
|
D&J
Rarity
|
Approx.
Dates
|
Du #
|
Zhu #
|
D&J
#D&J #
|
Guang Xu
Ding Wei
|
Xin Shi
|
Boo Sin
|
|
Ex
Rare
|
Not
Listed
|
Not
Listed
|
1907
|
D28-1
|
Not
Listed
|
Not Listed
|
|
This type is distinguished from the above by the Manchu "Bao Xin," which suggests that the coin was
actually made at Dihua rather than coined in trust at Kucha as in the above type (69). This is one of the
three major rarities of Xinjiang small red cash, along with the Kashgar Worth 5 and the Daoguang Ku 10
Baoku.
|
|
Type 71 - Guangxu Boo Kuce Wu Shen
Chinese
Legend
(obv)
|
Chinese
Legend,
(rev)
|
Manchu
Legend
|
Turki
Legend
|
Du
Rarity
|
Zhu
Rarity
|
D&J
Rarity
|
Approx.
Dates
|
Du #
|
Zhu #
|
D&J #
|
Guang Xu Wu
Shen
|
Xin Shi
|
Boo Kuce
|
|
7
|
5-
|
*
|
1908
|
D27
(166-176)
|
591-
597
|
410
|
|
From the same series as types 69 and 70. This type has the year "Wu Shen" (34 = 1908). Like type 69
it is rarely seen in decent condition.
|
|
Type 72 - Xuantong
Chinese
Legend
(obv)
|
Chinese
Legend,
(rev)
|
Manchu
Legend
|
Turki
Legend
|
Du
Rarity
|
Zhu
Rarity
|
D&J
Rarity
|
Approx.
Dates
|
Du #
|
Zhu #
|
D&J #
|
Xuan Tong
Tong Bao
|
Ku Shi
|
Ushi
|
Ush
|
7
|
5+
|
**
|
1909
|
D31 (1-8)
|
624-
630
|
434-435
|
|
D31-7 (rarity 5). 3.5 grams.
|
|
D31-2 (rarity 6). 2.6 grams.
|
|
This is the end of the red cash catalogue. For related coins, questionable
types, and fakes, go to the
|
The Kashgar mint reopened in 1888. Though this type is somewhat scarce, Dong and Jiang's two stars
are an overestimation of its rarity.
|
|
Tongzhi's court eventually entrusted General Zuo Zong Tang with the reconquest of
Xinjiang, which he accomplished in 1877. In that year the general shipped cash from
central China to serve as models for the newly reopened mints at Kucha and Aqsu.
The following year coins were cast in the names of Qianlong and Guanxu imitating
the products of at least four interior mints (See type A in the appendix for another
possible mint): Boo Yuwan (Beijing), Boo Ciuwan (Beijing), Boo Je (Zhejiang), and
Boo Yun (Yunnan). The Xinjiang coins were made in copper instead of the bronze
used for the originals. They were also more crudely made than the interior coins. Du
claims that the coins imitating Boo Je were the first of these types to be cast at
Kucha. Imitating Boo Je coins are much rarer than the D&J rating suggests and
they are highly valued by Chinese collectors. They are difficult to find in good
condition, and are easily confused with the Boo Je coins of the interior.
|
|
REFERENCE CATALOGUE OF
XINJIANG RED CASH
|
This type and the following type were likely the first coins issued in Xinjiang under the name of the
emperor Guangxu. The Guangxu coins imitating Boo Ciuwan seem to have only been cast at the Aqsu
mint, based on Du's comparison of character styles (p 390). This type is common even in good condition.
See type 33 for historical background.
|
|
This type was cast at Aqsu and is also very common. Du reads the Manchu as Bao Yun, indicating
Yunan, but De Boer reads this as Boo Ciuwan. See type 33 for historical background.
|
|
This type is the least scarce of the coins produced just after the Kucha mint's reopening. The reverse
has only the mint name in Manchu and Turki.
|
|
As part of the Qing court's new strategy to maintain stability and control in Xinjiang, the region began to
be integrated into the empire as a formal province in the ninth year of to Guangxu's reign, 1883. To
commemorate the founding of the new province three coin types with the number 9 (referring to the year)
were cast: one at Aqsu and two at Kucha. Modern counterfeits of the popular Qianlong type are not
uncommon.
|
|
The rarest of the year nine commemoratives is this type, with the mint name in Manchu only.
|
|
According to Dong and Jiang, beginning in 1883, all new cash bore the words "Worth 10" (p 80), but Du
writes that the Aqsu mint was closed for three years beginning in 1883 (p 9). This only leaves some
months for the casting of this type.
|
|
According to Dong and Jiang the "dang" (worth) of the "worth ten" on the reverse of all red cash was
changed to a Chinese abbreviation for the mint name in 1885. This pattern was maintained until red cash
stopped being cast in 1909. The Kucha mint was closed in 1886 and reopened in 1892 (Zhu p 26- 27).
This type (48) has small and large character varieties.
|
|
One of the three major rarities of the small red cash, along with the Kashgar Worth Five and the Ding
Wei Boo Sin. Less than ten examples are known to exist.
|
|
There are many varieties of this type. The rarest and most sought-after is the "four moons" variety (not
pictured), which has four semicircles against the reverse border.
|
|
This type encompasses many varieties, including a "four moons" variety that is even rarer than the
Tongzhi "four moons" variety of type 51.
|
|
Like the similar "Qianlong" version (type 48) this type has large and small character varieties.
|
|
Rare and popular. It is said that one or two new pieces surface in an average year.
|
|
Chinese
Legend
(obv)
|
Chinese
Legend,
(rev)
|
Manchu
Legend
|
Turki
Legend
|
Du
Rarity
|
Zhu
Rarity
|
D&J
Rarity
|
Approx.
Dates
|
Du #
|
Zhu #
|
D&J #
|
Tong Zhi
Tong Bao
|
Xin Shi
|
Boo Kuce
|
|
9
|
9+
|
|
1886,
1892-1908
|
D24 (63-90)
|
486-
490
|
354
|
|
Another interesting development under Guangxu was the introduction of "Coinage in Trust" (Dong and
Jiang p 85). Under this system one mint was entrusted to cast coins for another, with the names of both
mints appearing on the coins. For example, in this type (59), the Kucha mint (Boo Kuce) cast coins for
the Dihua (Xin) mint. Based on the of Zhus' chronology, all of the Boo Kuce/Xin coins (they were made
under the names Daoguang, Tongzhi, and Guangxu) were cast in the latter half of 1886 and/or 1892-1908
because both the Kucha and Dihua mints were open during these years.
|
|
Coinage in trust (see type 59) was also made for Kashgar. Dai writes that the Aqsu and Kucha coins
made for Kashgar were cast between 1885 and 1889 (p 73). However, the Kashgar mint was not
reopened until 1888, and the Zhus seem to believe that coinage in trust could not be cast unless both
mints were operational. If we use the overlap of both authors' chronologies, the Aqsu coins would be
made in 1886 -1889, but there is no time for the Kucha coins to be cast. The dates given in the type
charts here reflect the uncertainty of available chronological evidence.
|
|
If you find any errors or
have any suggestions,
please
|
This type is probably somewhat scarcer than Du and the Zhus indicate. See type 64 for chronological
information.
|
|
at
contact@xinjiangcoins.com
|
See type 64 for chronological information. This type is generally very shallow with weak rims.
|
|
This type, with what seems to be a strange mix of Manchu and Turki ("Boo Kashq"), is scarcer than the
standard Ka 10 Kashgar type (62) above.
|
|
When the emperor Xuantong took the throne in 1909, this type was cast "in order to put up a front for
the occasion" (Dong and Jiang p 104), even though the cash system was becoming obsolete. This is the
last of the red cash. It is a scarce and popular type - "highly prized" according to Dong and Jiang. It is
quite difficult to find in good condition.
|
|
The most common type of "Qianlong" Aqsu coins has the word "Aqsu" written in Turki with a single,
straight line for the first letter (alef). This type is stylistically identical on both obverse and reverse to
the Aqsu coins of Guanxu's reign and is therefore almost certainly contemporary. For an example of this
similarity, compare to type 43 below (cast in 1883). Dates in the chart refer to the years of Guangxu's
reign during which Aqsu mint was operational.
|
|
